According to research published in Behavioral Ecology, February 2021, quality of the ‘creame’ and social dominance is linked.
Research shows that higher social status not only increase a male’s access to potential mates but also production of high quality ejaculation.
The research shows, social status influence ejaculate traits, regardless whether female are present.
Dominant male produce faster swimming and viable sperm.
Higher social status is expected to result in fitness benefits as it secures access to potential mates. In promiscuous species, male reproductive success is also determined by an individual’s ability to compete for fertilization after mating by producing high-quality ejaculates. However, the complex relationship between a male’s investment in social status and ejaculates remains unclear. Here, we examine how male social status influences ejaculate quality under a range of social contexts in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei, a small, group-living, internally fertilizing freshwater fish. We show that male social status influences ejaculate traits, both in the presence and absence of females. Dominant males produced faster swimming and more viable sperm, two key determinants of ejaculate quality, but only under conditions with frequent male–male behavioral interactions. When male–male interactions were experimentally reduced through the addition of a refuge, differences in ejaculate traits of dominant and subordinate males disappeared. Furthermore, dominant males were in a better condition, growing faster, and possessing larger livers, highlighting a possible condition dependence of competitive traits. Contrary to expectations, female presence or absence did not affect sperm swimming speed or testes mass. Together, these results suggest a positive relationship between social status and ejaculate quality in halfbeaks and highlight that the strength of behavioral interactions between males is a key driver of social-status-dependent differences in ejaculate traits.
For more information, find research paper from
https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/32/1/168/6008100?login=true
Male-male behavioral interactions drive social-dominance-mediated differences in ejaculate traits.
Charel Reuland, Brett M Culbert, Erika Fernlund Isaksson, Ariel F Kahrl, Alessandro Devigili, John L FitzpatrickBehavioral Ecology, Volume 32, Issue 1, January/February 2021, Pages 168–177, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/araa118
